Livestock production in recent decades has been increasing dramatically, to satisfy the demand of an ever-growing human population and economy. However, this rapid growth has also led to a rise in the environmental impact associated with livestock production. Indeed, livestock farming generates a large amount of waste, contributes to deforestation and the loss of habitats, and can lead to the spread of infectious diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), lumpy skin disease (LMD), and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE). This is problematic as it leads to a greater demand for land and other resources, further exacerbating the issue of food insecurity. Moreover, livestock farms can be relatively inefficient at utilizing available resources due to their reliance on conventional agricultural practices such as the use of extensive arable land and large numbers of poor-quality pastures and forages for feeding their livestock. This is problematic as it can lead to a reduction in the sustainability of livestock production systems. read more